Childhood to Adulthood Essay - 2156 Words

Role of Parents and Parenting ------------------------------------------------- Childhood to Adulthood [Author Name] Table of Contents Introduction 3 Literature Review 4 Complex Relationship 4 Role of other external agents 5 Division of role between parents (Mother and Father) 5 Major problems 6 Social Interaction 7 Difference in child personality 7 Discussion and Conclusion 8 References: 11 Introduction We are born as child and then gradually transformed to adults. This transformation, from Childhood to Adulthood is often dependent upon lot of factors, both internal and external. This transformation depends a lot upon the inputs given by parents and family members. Through out the research we have tried†¦show more content†¦In all of our readings we have understood that role of parents is not limited to just provide food and shelter. Parents are there to support their children at every step of their living. The role of parents varies from being playmate to provide moral support to their kids. The role of parents and parenthood in transformation from childhood to adulthood can be best discussed under following headings: - Complex Relationship The relationship between children and parents may appear to be too simple, however from the books one thing that we have understood is that their relationship is far from simple. Parents have to mentor their children at every step of their life. In fact it won’t be an exaggeration to say that it is the attitude of parents that decide the future of their kids. The personality of every child is like an open book. Parents and society starts to write on this book, when kids are young they do not oppose what is being written on the book. As they grow old they tend to oppose to certain things. So it is the value given to kids in their childhood that takes them forward. 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Love Relationships Comparison between Today and...

Love is the basis of our existence. It affects our every moment, dreams, and hope for the future. Love has caused wars, ended lives, toppled governments and has been expounded on by poets, musicians, philosophers, and literates throughout the centuries. Research from Syracuse University shows that it takes about a fifth of a second to fall in love and it affects almost every part of our body. Our brain releases dopamine, a natural chemical that gives us energy and optimism. Love is similar to a drug and can become an addiction because it affects our brain much like other drugs by triggering the dopamine reward part of our brain. Love even affects a persons’ heart when a person is in love their blood pressure will lower and has been†¦show more content†¦Media knows that belonging and love will sell perfume to attract, make up to look your best, items to keep your family safe and other popular items just to have what you need to fit in or belong to a certain in group . Media not only influence a person’s purchase choices but also can sway their political opinions. What is seen on the news can influence people to hate a certain group because they are a threat to the safety of families or politically influence a vote for a candidate because so families will prosper. Media influences self-esteem by suggesting finding love or being able to fit in a person should have a certain body type and if that goal is not met a negative self-image or feeling of failure could ensue. Eating disorders have been tied to media’s trend toward portraying women in certain model thinness and promoting only that body type (Neda Feeding Hope). Media is 95% controlled by two companies NBC Universal and Sony Corporation of America. They own radio, television, networks, programming, sports and movie theaters and more. Since those two companies control what we are exposed to daily they can have a strong influence on our behavior and motivators. Media is a business and as such they are building audience ratings to promote revenue and profits (Curtis). Media is power because it influences our lives on a daily basis and because of that power it is has been called the â€Å"FourthShow MoreRelatedGeneral Commentary of 1984 by George Orwell1514 Words   |  7 PagesGeneral Commentary of 1984 by George Orwell George Orwells dystopian (a fictional place where people lead dehumanized and fearful lives) vision of the year 1984, as depicted in what many consider to be his greatest novel, has entered the collective consciousness of the English-speaking world more completely than perhaps any other political text, whether fiction or nonfiction. No matter how far our contemporary world may seem from 1984s Oceania, any suggestion of government surveillanceRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1288 Words   |  6 PagesControlled freedom Present day society is very much like society in the book 1984. 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A Devoted Son Ending Rewrite Free Essays

Ending Rewrite of the Devoted Son September 29th, 2012 â€Å"Papa, I have brought you a new tonic to help you feel better. You must take it; it will make you feel stronger again. Here it is. We will write a custom essay sample on A Devoted Son Ending Rewrite or any similar topic only for you Order Now Promise you will take it regularly, Papa. † Varma’s mouth worked as hard as though he still had a gob of betel in it (his supply of betel had been cut off years ago). Then he spat out some words, as soft and sweet as roses, into his sons face. â€Å"If it will make me feel stronger, and better than for you I will my son† The Great doctor looked at his father with such relief in his eyes, finally he will try and get better with my help. He kissed his father on the forehead and then left into the house, with his wife, still waiting at the door with a cup of tea. The next morning Rakesh got up and brought his dad his morning tea, not in just any cup, but in the old man’s favorite brass tumbler. As Rakesh arrived to his father he did not look so well, so pale in the face, so much fear in him. Rakesh put the pillows behind his father’s back so he could sit up. â€Å"Papa, how are you feeling today, you don’t look so swellâ€Å" he said with sadness in his voice. In silence, Varma took the cup of tea from his son and took a sip. He then removed the pillows from behind him so he was lying flat again, closed his eyes, and peacefully fell back to sleep. Rakesh sat there in silence knowing that it wasn’t long before his old man will pass on, from now it will only be a matter of days or even hours. Rakesh went about his day and went to work. Veena, Papa’s daughter-in law, fixed up some lunch for the old man, nothing special since Rakesh has order he had nothing fried, no butter, no oil. Veena came into the room with the stainless steel tray of food, some dry bread, boiled lentils, boiled vegetables, and some plane old boiled fish. His daughter-in law put the tray on his lap turned around, and slipped silently out of the room with a little smirk that only the old man saw, and hated. Not long after Veena was down in the kitchen when she heard this scream of pain come from Varmas room stunned and scared, she dropped the glass on the wooden floor, crashing down with such an obnoxious noise. She raced upstairs to his bedroom, to find the old man lying stretched out on his bed, scared Veena went over to the side of the bed, only to come to the old man sitting up and once again spitting out red spittle on her. So she thought it was. Veena yelled at him this is nonsense, you can’t keep spitting at me like that! But as she looked longer at old Papa she noticed it wasn’t spittle, it was blood. Papa was choking on his blood, having feeling so sorrowful that she was yelling him, Veena was panicking now, and she didn’t know what to do. She quickly picked up the phone to call Rakesh. She went to the old man trying to stop him from chocking but she couldn’t, it was to late the old man suddenly just fell over in bed. He was gone, Veena sat there beside the bed crying, and sobbing. When Rakesh finally arrived home Veena met him at the door, with tears in her eyes, she looked up at him and Rakesh knew his father had passed. â€Å"No†¦ No†¦ No†¦ â€Å" Rakesh yelled. `This can’t be happening! â€Å" He raced upstairs to his father, crying he was, he took his father’s hand and said I’m sorry papa, I shouldn’t have given you that tonicâ€Å". The next morning the ceremony for the old man was held, friends, family all gathered around, celebrating Varmas life. Rakesh got up went to the end of his father’s casket and bowed to his feet, just one last time. How to cite A Devoted Son Ending Rewrite, Papers

Multiple abortions Essay Example For Students

Multiple abortions Essay The poem is about a lady prostitute, â€Å"The Mother† who due to the character of her work has had multiple abortions. Gwendolyn has wrote about the conventional lady of the night, Theses night lady’s often passed â€Å"The Mother† house when she was a teenager, looking back on reflection she found this attractive. Now she is much older and she understands the dangers and pain with the role. You can clearly see from her poem it’s from the heart, but she appears to write it for another lady, this lady had several abortions, we know this because this is how the poem starts. Line one and two â€Å"Abortions will not let you forget. â€Å"You remember the children you got, that you did not get†. It’s a very powerful sentiment start to the poem, these are whole-hearted words. Gwendoline is a writer and you can feel the torture and sadness of â€Å"The Mother† she writes about. Or is it in reality herself she is aiming the poem at. This poem is aimed at a prostitute and the prostitutes’ feelings, the loss of her children that were aborted, the way they were treated. But most prominently of all it gives you a perception into, how these ladies survived through life, how she lived in a poverty deprived city, she had no choice due to circumstances beyond her control. But despite her lifestyle, these babies she loved and cherished with all her heart. The poem quite clearly shows the repentance, â€Å"The Mother† is feeling, maybe now she is older, wiser or even alone. The words are sensed with such desire, with the first and second line of the poem, she is revealing how hysterical she is at aborting her babies. But it shows too how unconditionally she loved them, how much she dreamed of giving them a normal cherished life. It’s plain to see â€Å"The Mother† chose to abort more than once, maybe several as she refers to (children) rather than child. It can only assume that an early abortion was not an option, given the time and era I would assume that men would pay more for a pregnant prostitute. So it is obvious to see, the more she was in late stage pregnancy, the higher the price men would pay. The next part of the poem, line twenty six, twenty seven and twenty nine, reads â€Å"you were never made† †but that too I am afraid† â€Å"you were born you had a body you died† . This sends a strong message of how far pregnant she actually was, she was far pasts the legal abortion stage, so it could actually be said, no doctor or hospital would legally operate an abortion. So one can only assume she had the only option of a back door doctor, who unlawfully performed abortions. This would be very precarious for the baby, but her herself. Lines twenty two and twenty three state this unquestionably, â€Å"though why should I whine† â€Å"whine that the crime, was other than mine†. This poem echoes her absolute Despair, she is suffering anguish, she describes how her prostitution, babies and life as she knew it still plagues each memory she has. You can see this in each and every line of the poem, she is still clearly disturbed by her past life and what she did and her children. She writes â€Å"I have heard voices of the wind the voices of the Dim† (children). To me the poem voices so much emotion, love and pain, but more so anger and regret. She uses the word â€Å"Dim† rather than abortion, Gwendoline describes the lady as soft and kind, she does this by writing â€Å"you will never neglect or beat them†. The poem free flows it’s easy to understand, and the emotion is so painfully. Although the poem is called the mother† she was never actually a â€Å"mother†, she was a prostitute, who never actually gave birth, but this lady loved these children unconditionally, that had never been born. .u61800cf3828b6bee725b80fad502ffcd , .u61800cf3828b6bee725b80fad502ffcd .postImageUrl , .u61800cf3828b6bee725b80fad502ffcd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u61800cf3828b6bee725b80fad502ffcd , .u61800cf3828b6bee725b80fad502ffcd:hover , .u61800cf3828b6bee725b80fad502ffcd:visited , .u61800cf3828b6bee725b80fad502ffcd:active { border:0!important; } .u61800cf3828b6bee725b80fad502ffcd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u61800cf3828b6bee725b80fad502ffcd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u61800cf3828b6bee725b80fad502ffcd:active , .u61800cf3828b6bee725b80fad502ffcd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u61800cf3828b6bee725b80fad502ffcd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u61800cf3828b6bee725b80fad502ffcd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u61800cf3828b6bee725b80fad502ffcd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u61800cf3828b6bee725b80fad502ffcd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u61800cf3828b6bee725b80fad502ffcd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u61800cf3828b6bee725b80fad502ffcd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u61800cf3828b6bee725b80fad502ffcd .u61800cf3828b6bee725b80fad502ffcd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u61800cf3828b6bee725b80fad502ffcd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Crime in London EssayGwendoline writes with such empathy and passion, and at first I thought she was writing for herself, it is an exceptional piece of writing and I don’t think anybody could read this and, not have their heart ripped open. The lady she writes about she is far from, a bad lady all you can see is â€Å"good† in the poem, she has so much regret, and so much love for her children. She accepts accountability for her actions, and deeply regrets her decisions she made in her life. What I find truly remarkable about this poem is the realism and imagination that has you gripped from the very first word to the last. The lady in this poem portrays hers elf as a Mother, yet it is visible through the lines of the poem that she was never actually a Mother†. She floats into reality and imagination of motherhood, and what would have been. She speaks as a â€Å"Mother† with sheer admiration for all her children. She shows so much remorse for the sordid acts her life gave her, nevertheless no matter how life came crashing around her she speaks as a â€Å"mother† of her unrequited love and passion for each and every one of her â€Å"unborn children†. The line â€Å"Abortions will not let you forget†, this sends a very strong message that this â€Å"Mother† has never disregarded what she did to her children. She lives each and every day with the deepest and darkest remorse, line 6 and 7 â€Å"you will never neglect or beat them†, â€Å"them, or silenced them with sweets. If we look deeper into this line, it seems that maybe she was beaten as a child and bought with sweets, to silence what she saw. Line 11 illustrates how she could not bring herself, to say she had killed her children† I have heard the voices of my dim killed children† dim is used as her denial as to her abortion. It’s hard to put into context what stage of her life she is at in this poem, she imagines the lost children still exist , she envisages herself giving birth, she visualizes feeding them all through her breast, even hearing her children’s voices. Yet none of these children ever survived the abortion, not one cry was ever heard, line 20 clearly tells us she knows only too well if all the children had been born, their beautiful life’s would have been ruined â€Å" if I poisoned the beginnings of your breaths†.

Jane Eyre Review Essay Example

Jane Eyre Review Paper Essay on Jane Eyre Emotions begin to sweep over you since peryh srochek books. Here you get acquainted with the heroine and that moment and youre already friends with her She is so lovely, so sweet, and so brave. Life is not fair to her, but it makes all the tests with pride, raised his head. We will write a custom essay sample on Jane Eyre Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Jane Eyre Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Jane Eyre Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When it hit, you want to come and give the offender in the face ( I am sorry for my French) no, Jane, do not stop me you do not deserve it))) it is often said that it is not pretty! Oh, no, Jane, you are so beautiful! Do not pay any attention to these silly hens (again French sky)))))) And it does not pay Sometimes you remember that she is only 19 and shokirueshsya so small, but so wise! it is a bit saucy, a bit notorious I want to help her to come to her, to hug her And what is it brave Good for you, Jane, because of them!) )))) In the middle of the book where the fun begins . what you ask Of course, love And your heart stops? and trembles when little Jane describes her feelings Oh, she is so fond of no one knows how to love! and so she runs away from her lover, wandering, starving Sleeping on the ground its cold! Tears welling in his eyes Jane, Im with you! Hold on hold on! And you go through all the tests with it with such a small . You are so different from her, but you know it and all actions committed it and you know why? Because you have loved her she could melt your heart and The good and dear Jane Eyre!)))) Jane Eyre Review Essay Example Jane Eyre Review Paper Essay on Jane Eyre This is a story about a very courageous and brave girl, a girl that did not break all its troubles, and all the obstacles and adversity about Jane Eyre. How can empathize a little girl orphaned How brave she brought all the bullying that were waiting for her while living with his aunt and shelter. And despite all the insults, I do not harden it, and learned to forgive. And immediately comes to mind a thought, but if I could have it? If I could make everything that issued it is not broken, do not harden because children easily become violent. She grew up a beautiful girl, not physically, but mentally. How much such a gentle and, to some extent, naive creation had the courage to admit to himself that he loves and admit it to him And, most importantly, who would have had the courage in order not to lose yourself without losing respect for yourself, to get away from a loved one afraid afraid, not for myself, but for him to leave but overcame all fears how did because it was easy to be tempted, but she remained faithful Me and that is admirable because all it gave her a lot of pain. How many people do you think, can it And how many people would be able to come back? Do not be afraid of what lay ahead, and go back? How many wounds in my life she got in such a short life. And she was rewarded, she found that the dream of many young girls in the evening she has found love love of which we can only dream of Such books leave an unforgettable impression, make you think And re-read them, finding new details and nuances. You begin to realize that outer beauty is not all that much more important than the internal, that physical strength can never replace the power of spiritual love can be only one and that for the sake of this love can go on a lot, but also understand that not to happened can not give up on themselves, by their nature, it is necessary to fight for themselves, for their principles! Now the name of Jane Eyre I associate not only with love and devotion, but with courage and bravery! We will write a custom essay sample on Jane Eyre Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Jane Eyre Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Jane Eyre Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Free Essays on Wireless

Wireless computing is the topic of much conversation today. The concept has been around for some time now but has been mainly utilizing communication protocols that exist for voice based communication. It is not intended to replace wired data communication but instead to be utilized in areas that it would be otherwise impossible to communicate using wires. Only recently has the industry been taking steps to formulate a standard that is more suitable to data transmission. Some the problems to be overcome are: (1) Data Integrity - relatively error free transmission, (2) Speed - as close as possible to the speed of current wired networks, (3) Protection - making sure that the data now airborne is encoded and cannot be tapped by unwelcome receivers, (4) Compatibility - ensuring that the many protocols that sure to be created subscribe to a standard to allow inter-operability, (5) Environmentally safe - strengths of electromagnetic radiation must be kept within normal levels. In our study of the theories and implementation concerns of wireless computing, we found that it is being treated in an object oriented fashion. Scientists and development crews, including the IEEE, are doing their best to implement wireless connectivity without changing the existing computer hardware. As a result, a lot of focus is on using existing computer hardware and software to convert data to a format compatible with the new hardware which will be added to the computer using ports or PCMCIA connections that already exist. This means that wireless communication will be transparent to the user if and when wireless computing is utilized on a wide scale. Wireless computing applications covers three broad areas of computing today. Replacement of normal wired LAN's need to retain the speed and reliability found in wired LAN's. Creation of semipermanent LAN's for quick and easy setup without the need for running wires. Th... Free Essays on Wireless Free Essays on Wireless Wireless Technology applied to Computer Processing technology can provide many benefits to computing including faster response to queries, reduced time spent on paperwork, increased online time for users, just-in-time and real time control, tighter communications between clients and hosts. Wireless Computing is governed by two general forces: Technology, which provides a set of basic building blocks and User Applications, which determine a set of operations that must be carried out efficiently on demand. This paper summarizes technological changes that are underway and describes their impact on wireless computing development and implementation. It also describes the applications that influence the development and implementation of wireless computing and shows what current systems offer. Wireless computing is the topic of much conversation today. The concept has been around for some time now but has been mainly utilizing communication protocols that exist for voice-based communication. It is not intended to replace wired data communication but instead to be utilized in areas that it would be otherwise impossible to communicate using wires. Only recently has the industry been taking steps to formulate a standard that is more suitable to data transmission. Some the problems to be overcome are: Data Integrity - relatively error free transmission, Speed - as close as possible to the speed of current wired networks, Protection - making sure that the data now airborne is encoded and cannot be tapped by unwelcome receivers, Compatibility - ensuring that the many protocols that sure to be created subscribe to a standard to allow inter-operability, Environmentally safe - strengths of electromagnetic radiation must be kept within normal levels. In studies of the theories and i mplementation concerns of wireless computing, it was found that it is being treated in an object-oriented fashion. Scientists and development crews, including the IEEE, are ... Free Essays on Wireless Wireless computing is the topic of much conversation today. The concept has been around for some time now but has been mainly utilizing communication protocols that exist for voice based communication. It is not intended to replace wired data communication but instead to be utilized in areas that it would be otherwise impossible to communicate using wires. Only recently has the industry been taking steps to formulate a standard that is more suitable to data transmission. Some the problems to be overcome are: (1) Data Integrity - relatively error free transmission, (2) Speed - as close as possible to the speed of current wired networks, (3) Protection - making sure that the data now airborne is encoded and cannot be tapped by unwelcome receivers, (4) Compatibility - ensuring that the many protocols that sure to be created subscribe to a standard to allow inter-operability, (5) Environmentally safe - strengths of electromagnetic radiation must be kept within normal levels. In our study of the theories and implementation concerns of wireless computing, we found that it is being treated in an object oriented fashion. Scientists and development crews, including the IEEE, are doing their best to implement wireless connectivity without changing the existing computer hardware. As a result, a lot of focus is on using existing computer hardware and software to convert data to a format compatible with the new hardware which will be added to the computer using ports or PCMCIA connections that already exist. This means that wireless communication will be transparent to the user if and when wireless computing is utilized on a wide scale. Wireless computing applications covers three broad areas of computing today. Replacement of normal wired LAN's need to retain the speed and reliability found in wired LAN's. Creation of semipermanent LAN's for quick and easy setup without the need for running wires. Th...

Aaa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Aaa - Essay Example now evident in our planet with the fiercer storm, frequent floods, warmer weather and other weather related calamities, that cost us lives and properties destroyed, his argument that global warming is already upon us is now accepted as a given fact. Krislov just reiterated the fact that â€Å"decades of climate research show that global warming is happening and human activity is a driving cause†. Gore’s arguments are already common to the modern audience because his arguments are also used by other environmentalist groups and advocates to increase the awareness of the public about climate change. In fact, many academe today include Gore’s documentary An Inconvenient Truth as part of their curriculum to educate students about climate change. So it is no longer an argument for me. Gore’s discussion about the possibility of melting glaciers in Antarctica has already been documented in camera by National Geographic that would cause the atmosphere to warm and thus, presented compelling evidence that it happened and is still happening right before our very eyes. This similar demonstration of melting glacial sheets was also shown in the documentary An Inconvenient Truth except that we thought about it as an exaggeration. The carbon emission that started it all is also given and everybody knows about that already. In fact right now, governments are already conte mplating to make it an official policy with many people thinking that it is already long

Entrepreneur Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Entrepreneur - Essay Example Similar examples exist in the society and include interests in political appointment to the federal government (Gimpel 28). The entrepreneurial experience of Theodore Judah offers many lessons that are still relevant today. Theodore’s experience explains the role of hardwork and determination in entrepreneurial success, qualities that have been coined to define successful entrepreneurs. Theodore’s efforts to seeks support from politicians and business men and the success that he achieved defines his hardwork while his continuous efforts, despite discouraging encounter, in seeking support for the railroad project explains his determination as well as perseverance that can help today’s entrepreneurs to overcome challenges and succeed in their entrepreneurial ventures (Gimpel 29- 34). Your essay on Gustavus Swift is explorative and informative. I however believe that it is not strong in captivating the audience and also in attracting the audience’s attention. Including a thesis statement in the introductory paragraph and using subheadings for major points would have improved the essay’s effectiveness. The audience however has to strain to grasp information. Your essay on Lewis Tappan identifies professionalism in writing. Organizing the work into subsections and using headings helps the audience to understand a essay’s main points and helps in attracting attention into the essay. The presentation is also simple and identifies critical information such as the period in which Tappan lives, his life in business, and his business

ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 3 - Essay Example Also, ABF Plc. being a low geared capital structured company as Woolworth Plc, it would create the similar circumstances for assets exploitations in both companies. This is so as the basic idea of both companies is to protect their equity holders. The performance of Woolworth Ltd. is analyzed on basis of profitability and rate of return ratios. For the purpose of this analysis Gross Profit ratio, Net profit Ratio, Return on Total Assets (ROA), and Return on Equity (ROE) has been selected. Profit Margin ratios show the relation between profit and sales. Since profit can be measured at different stages, there are several measures of profit margin. The most popular are Gross Profit, and Net Profit ratio. The Rate of Return ratios, that are also performance analyzers, reflect the relationship between profit and investment. The Return on Assets ratio and Return on Equity ratio have used for the purpose so that a perfect performance analysis is made fro Woolworth Ltd. These ratios are calculated in attached annexure. The Gross profit ratio for Woolworth Ltd. has been impressive over the years. It has risen from 24.89% in 2005 to 25.03% in 2006 and finally to 25.32% in 2007. The basic reason for such steadily rise is effective use of operational resources by Woolworth Ltd., keeping pace with increasing turnover during this period. The company’s revenue is $ 42477.1m in 2007 as compared to 37734.2m and 31352.5m in 2006 and 2005 respectively. Normally it is seen that gross margins go down whenever there is a continuous increase in revenue. But Woolworths has maintained its cost of goods sold completely in control to reflect the increasing gross margins. The success shown by Woolworths in gross margins has been effectively repeated in net margins. The company’s net profit ratio was 4.15% in 2005, and that has risen to 4.56% in 2006, and to 4.19%. This is rise is good but the gap between gross profit and net profit is

The Controversial Childrens Novel Junk English Literature Essay

The Controversial Childrens Novel Junk English Literature Essay Whilst violence and evil have long appeared in childrens literature, it is only recently that widespread violence, such as the treatment of the Holocaust in The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas (Boyne), has been accepted as important in teaching children and young people about the more sinister aspects of human nature. In his 2005 essay, Kenneth B. Kidd explains that the treatment of such events in childrens literature is now necessary because we no longer have the luxury of denying the existence of or postponing the childs confrontation of evil (Kidd 121). Moustakis (1982) argues that reading literature containing violence can help children to come to non-violent solutions to obstacles in their own lives. She claims that in fairy tales, for example, the monsters represent a childs own inner monsters and can allow them to vicariously master them (Moustakis 30); she also echoes Favats beliefs, stating that the fairy tale handles justice and retribution in a manner that young children unders tand (Moustakis 29). Kristine Miller (2009) supports this view, attesting that war fiction can also communicate a healthy way to deal with conflict. War is an undeniable part of our world, always relevant, and war fiction, Miller argues helps readers to think constructively about a world being destroyed (Miller 273). The realities and consequences of war and political oppression are key themes of Beverley Naidoos The Other Side of Truth (2000). After the assassination of their mother, Sade and Femi are forced to flee Nigeria to seek asylum England. Separated from their journalist father, and abandoned in London with no money and nowhere to go, Naidoo claims her novel aims to reveal the impact of the wider society and its politics on the lives of young characters (Naidoo). After a traumatic series of events, the children are placed with sensitive foster parents, only to discover that their father has been arrested, detained and is facing deportation. Written in the third person, and told from Sades perspective, the novel contrasts the childrens experiences in London with their old life in Nigeria and their expectations of England based on BBC World Service broadcasts. The contrasts between the two countries are reflected in the treatment that Sade and Femi receive at the hands of the children at s chool, the strangers they meet in London, and the welfare and social systems; and support Naidoos belief that the world of refugees in Britain is largely submerged under public indifference and increasingly overt hostility (Naidoo, Carnegie Medal acceptance speech). The major theme of the novel is suggested by the title and has a number of interpretations; an individuals view of the world based on their own context; the contrast between Sade and Femis middle-class perspective of themselves in the politically oppressed Nigeria versus the racism that they face in England; and perhaps the most significant within the novel Sades moral struggle between her received understanding that Truth keeps the hand cleaner than soap (Naidoo 74), and the realisation that her fathers truth-telling led, inadvertently, to her mothers death, and their consequent struggles in England. As the oldest sibling, Sade has to assume the parental role, making the decisions regarding what information she will share with the authorities to get help, whilst at the same time trying to protect herself, her brother, and her father. Her surrender to deception and lies weighs heavily upon her, and is particularly evident in her fear and disgust after her theft of the lighter from M iriams uncles shop, particularly in light of Mariams revelations about her past. It is not until the children discover that their father is alive and in London that they begin to experience some sort of peace, although their hopes are quickly dimmed by the knowledge that he is on hunger strike and faces deportation back to Nigeria. The novels conclusion, whilst not the simplistic happy-ever-after is nevertheless, optimistic, and is a direct result of Sades determination and decision to tell her truth. As Jana Giles notes, the message of the novel appears to be that non-violent solutions are the answer, quoting Folarins comment in his letter to his children that We must dare to tell. Across the oceans of time, words are mightier than swords (Naidoo 193). With her novels, Naidoo attempts to encourage children to examine the the historical, social, [and] political context, hoping that they will begin not only to question What will happen next? but Why is this happening' (Naidoo, An Int erview with Beverley Naidoo). Naidoos comments on her books appear to reflect Falconers beliefs, though on a more world-wide scale; while Falconer seems to limit her comments to the reality of the intended reader, Naidoo aims to address the wider reality of the moral human universe (Naidoo, A Writers Journey: Retracing The Other Side of Truth 340). The debate over what is suitable material for childrens literature is one of the oldest and most active (Reynolds 88). Previously highly conservative in content, recent years have seen an increase in the number of books deal with sex, death, sin and prejudice, and good and evil are not neatly separated but mixed up in the confused and often turbulent emotions of the central characters themselves (Appleyard 100). In his essay, Melvin Burgess admits that Junk was an experiment, explaining that he felt there to be a lack of literature that would speak to real teenagers (Burgess). Like Naidoo, Burgess strived for authenticity, knowing that the book was likely to have a rough ride (Burgess), and despite the criticism, Junk went on to win the Guardian Fiction Award and the Carnegie Medal. Junk is certainly very different from the portrayal of adolescents by earlier writers like Ransome. The novel focuses on two 14-year-old heroin addicts; David, who has for years, been protecting his alcoholic mother from his abusive father, and Gemma, who yearns for adventure and escape from her oppressive parents They had no doubt at all that unless my life was made as miserable as possible, Id be a junkie whore by midnight. (Burgess, Junk 65). Gemmas attitude is in stark contrast to for example, Wendys confident belief that her mother would always leave the window open for her (Barrie 4.1). Both Gemma and David crave freedom, but not the freedom of an innocent childhood, rather the perceived freedom of early adulthood; It wasbeing on my own, having an adventure. Yeah. It was life. A big, fat slice of life. (Burgess, Junk 69) That Gemma is only able to experience this adventure by leaving her parents is sadly ironic, and, implies that perhaps such adventure cannot be found within ch ildhood, only by leaving it behind. After a brief third-person narrative in the first chapter, Junk is composed of the individual testimonies of the characters, with Gemma and Tar taking approximately half of the chapters. This form of first person narrative, referred to as immediate-engaging-first-person narration (Schwenke-Wyile 185), enables the narrative to become more intimate and revealing because the narrating agent and the focalizer are the same (Schwenke-Wyile 188-189). Whilst Junk doesnt openly condemn drug use or prostitution, Burgess use of irony and the contradictions between the individuals testimonies, reveal the truth about the events of the novel and the effects those events have on the characters. Burgess relies on his readers ability to make a moral judgement (Burgess, Sympathy for the Devil 319), rather than lecturing, which he says young people get enough of at school (Burgess, Sympathy for the Devil 319). Whilst Burgess wants to avoid lecturing his readers, his desire for authenticity in his novel s, and his reputation for honest writing (Burgess, Sympathy for the Devil 316), suggest that he still wants to educate them. This is reminiscent both of Beverley Naidoos intentions when writing The Other Side of Truth, and of Rachel Falconers belief that childrens literature should address the reality of their lives. There is some debate over whether or not historical fiction can address contemporary issues; Coram Boy however, is an example of historical fiction that deals with issues such as race, abandonment, and even teenage pregnancy. As Ringrose points out, in showing that children of the past suffered injustice, it implies similar injustices are suffered by todays children, and furthermore, in reading the novel, a child would find out much about eighteenth-century England (Ringrose 359). Coram Boy exposes readers to the stark differences between the lives of the children of wealthy aristocrats, those born to the lower classes, and the bleak reality of the lives of orphaned children. Through Gavins characters, the social injustices of eighteenth-century England are revealed; children abandoned to die, sold into slavery or the military; the contrast between the opportunities available to children of the wealthy aristocrats versus those of the lower classes; the mistreatment of mentally-challe nged individuals; racial discrimination. Slavery may now be illegal, but most of these issues continue to be relevant today. Gavin claims that historical fiction can enable writers to explore events, issues, relationships or situations, which sometimes can be easier to deal with when removed from a contemporary context. (Gavin 363) Coram Boy allows readers to compare their own culture with that of England in the eighteenth century and in doing so implies that whilst society may have advanced; there are still many things that need to be achieved. As Ringrose attests, Jamila Gavin brings to Coram Boy a modern interest in difference, race and justice (Ringrose 361). One of the issues with historical fiction, particularly for children, is historical accuracy. Gavin believes that First and foremost, a writer of fiction is telling a story, so sometimes, intentionally or unintentionally, accuracy may not be as thorough as it would be in non-fiction (Gavin 365), and uses this to justify some of her stretched truths and distorted facts (Gavin 366). The use of narrative telling in Coram Boy is also significant in relation to evaluating how the historical period is portrayed. The majority of the events are narrated in the third-person, and indirect speech is favoured over direct speech. These techniques enhance the reliability and objectivity of the narrative, implying that the novel is an account of an historical event rather than a work of fiction. The minimal use of direct speech may be an attempt to avoid the problem of characters period speech which can result in inconsistencies, such as Melissas contemporary usage of the phrase hanging around in c ontrast to Isobels previous comment that Otis has such a lack of respect in his bearing (Gavin, Coram Boy 129). The consequence of such inaccuracies in a novel is open to debate; if, as Falconer believes, literature should focus on the reality of childrens lives, then is poetic licence justified as a means to an end does it matter if the history is accurate as long as the issues are relevant? Much of the literature produced for children today has moved away from the Romantic notion of childhood, and this change is largely due to the way the world is today; increasingly urban, with a rise in crime rates (House of Commons) and decline in familial support networks. Childhood is an umbrella term and does not reflect the individual, as Peter Hunt argues that it is vital that the inevitable variety of childhood and childhoods is acknowledged in its real readers, and it variability as a social and commercial construction is acknowledged in the texts (Hunt 23). With such variety and variability then, the reality of young peoples lives must surely be subjective, since each individual child experiences things, and reacts to these experiences in their own way. Whilst I agree with Rachel Falconers statement, and believe that children should be told the truth about the world in which they live, I think that Slayton has better conveyed my opinion: to avoid in childrens literature anyth ing that children fail to avoid or cannot avoid in their own lives is to do them a considerable disservice (Slayton).

The Success of Judaism Essay -- essays research papers fc

Judaism has survived throughout history by being flexible and by admitting foreign influences into its practice. Its success in the 21st century depends on its ability to continue doing this in response to the pressures of modernity. Judaism has endured the challenges imposed upon it, by its ability to preserve deep-rooted traditions of the past. It is through maintaining customs from preceding times that defines the foundations of modern day Jewish practice, be it through observance, prayer or habit. In combination to this, its capacity to be versatile and incorporate outside influence has served to maintain its popularity as a major world faith. In order to continue its future religious success, Judaism must persist upholding the traditions that it stands for. However, in the light of pressures of modernity that arise through social change, including feminism and assimilation it must also incorporate aspects of outside influence to promote its popularity. Judaism has survived through emerging itself as a faith of tradition, including those developed in both Diasporic times as well as the biblical period. It is through the upholding of various forms of tradition that has united the global Jewish population. This is evident within prayer, observance and custom. As revealed through the practice of the Orthodox Jewish population, tradition plays a major part of defining the faith through the close following of Halakah. This is evident within the environment of Orthodox synagogue services; women are prohibited from wearing pants, those who are married must cover their heads and a mekhitzah segregates the seating between men and women. Despite social change that has provided freedom from such restrictions, Orthodox Judaism has held onto these traditions, which have acted in defining it through continuity. If such aspects were removed from the service, it would alienate the Orthodox Jewish community, as it is through such customs that have b een observed throughout generations and therefore characterizes the continuing existence of the religion. It is not solely the Orthodox community that have relied upon tradition as a means to exist. Within all strands of Judaism, tradition has played a major part in the continued existence of the faith. This is evident in relation towards Jewish practice, such as through customs observed during festivals. This includes th... ...xistence. Ultra-Orthodox Jews largely disassociated themselves from mainstream American culture, which they viewed as a threat to Jewish identity. Judaism has continued and will continue to exist while there is a choice of denominations which will accommodate various needs and lifestyles. It is through the combination of maintaining elements of traditional continuity while incorporating aspects of modernity which leads to a popular faith. Although this suggests that Conservative Judaism stands as future of Jewish existence, it is because there are multiple movements within the faith that permits Judaism to continue to survive. With the differing variations of the Jewish faith, it provides and will continue to provide a choice to the modern Jew that reflects the lifestyle that he or she chooses to adopt. Bibliography Scheindlin, Ray A Short History of the Jewish People Oxford University Press (1998) Robinson, George Essential Judaism Pocket Books (2000) Freedman, Samuel Jew vs. Jew Simon and Schuster (2001) Bloom, Stephen G. Postville: A Clash of Cultures in Heartland America Harcourt (2000) Harris, Lis Holy Days, The World of a Hassidic Family Simon and Schuster (1995)

Pakistan Cement Industry Analysis

LUCKY CEMENT This report studies LUCKY CEMENT as a target against other companies studied as a basis for comparable analysis in the industry. Lucky Cement is the largest cement manufacturer in Pakistan and its upcoming expansion in Karachi will take its capacity from 6. 5mntpa to 9mntpa, further cementing its spot as the market leader. Lucky Cement Limited was incorporated in Pakistan on September 18, 1993 under the Companies Ordinance, 1984 (the Ordinance). The shares of the company are quoted on all the three stock exchanges in Pakistan.The Company has also issued GDRs which are listed and traded on the Professional Securities Market of the London Stock Exchange. BUSINESS PROFILE SECTOR: Cement Industry PRODUCTS AND SERVICES: Lucky Cement aims at producing cement to suit every user. The following types of cement are available: ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT (OPC) Ordinary Portland cement is available in darker shade as well as in light shades in Lucky Star with different brand names to s uit the requirement of users. SULPHATE RESISTANT CEMENT (SRC)Sulphate resistant Cement’s best quality is to provide effective and long lasting strength against sulphate attacks and is very suitable for constructions near sea shores as well as for canals linings. It provides very effective protection against alkali attacks. The company currently  produces five brands: * Lucky Cement * Lucky Star * Lucky Gold * Chairman * Lucky  sulphate resistant cement(SRC) CUSTOMERS AND END MARKETS Lucky Cement aims at producing cement to suit every user.At present, it is producing Grey Portland Cement and also Sulphate Resistant cement. The customers are able to get Portland cement both in dark shade as well as in light shade with different brand names to suit the requirement of user. The Portland cement specifically made for prefabrication industry with a lower setting time is also available. In addition, the plant also produce Slag cement for specific users. DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS Deal ers, retailers and block makers are the integral part of Lucky Cement's sales strategy.This strong network of more than 200 dealers, located at strategic locations throughout the country, has enabled the company to create an impressive distribution system and access to markets at even the remote parts of the country. FINANCIAL PROFILE | | 30-Jun| 30-Jun| 30-Jun| 30-Jun| | | 2008| 2009| 2010| 2011| | | Restated| PKR| Reclassified| PKR| Gross Profit Margin| 25. 69%| 37. 26%| 32. 55%| 33. 48%| EBITDA Margin| 23. 91%| 31. 77%| 23. 07%| 25. 87%| EBIT Margin| 18. 14%| 27. 41%| 17. 31%| 19. 83%| Net Income Margin| 15. 79%| 17. 45%| 12. 08%| 15. 26%| Return on Invested Capital| 9. 06%| 19. 2%| 11. 17%| 12. 63%| Return On Equity| 14. 35%| 19. 77%| 12. 50%| 14. 29%| Return On Assets| 7. 82%| 11. 97%| 8. 18%| 9. 63%| Leverage Ratio| 3. 84%| 1. 82%| 2. 33%| 1. 99%| Debt to total capitalization| 45. 51%| 39. 43%| 34. 49%| 32. 60%| PROFITABILITY The profitability of the company is quite decent, a nd shows an upward trend, which can be seen by the financial ratios of the firm. There was a slight dip in the year 2010, but then increased considerably in year 2011. This was mainly due to the decrease in the cost of production for Lucky Cement (decrease in the cost of raw materials).The prospects of the company are bright, which are demonstrated by high net income margin and return on invested capital ratios. GROWTH PROFILE Lucky Cement is growing at a brisk pace, as the overall cement industry is facing a desirable scenario, which is also demonstrated by high return on equity and return on assets ratio. The company is also paying its creditors back shown by the decrease in leverage and debt to total capitalization ratios, which is a positive sign for the firm, and shows that it is growing at a considerable rate. RETURN ON INVESTMENTThe return on investment of Lucky Cement from years 2008-2011 is above 10% on average, which is quite a decent number, and shows the profitability of the firm’s investments. It is 12. 63% in year 2011, and displays a favorable scenario for Lucky Cement. CREDIT PROFILE The credit profile of the company shows a positive sign as the firm’s debt to total capitalization ratio declined from 45. 51% in year 2008, to 32. 60% in year 2011. Moreover, the leverage ratio of Lucky Cement has also seen a decline, which shows that the company is paying back its debts and is maintaining a decent credit profile among its lenders and suppliers.ATTOCK CEMENT Attock Cement Pakistan Limited (ACPL) is a public limited company, listed on KSE since 2002. Main business of the company is manufacturing and sales of cement. ACPL, is part of the Pharaon Group, which in addition to investment to cement industry has diversified stakes in Pakistan mainly in the oil and gas sector, power and real estate sector. The Attock Cement project was conceived and the company was incorporated in 1981, the plant finally commenced commercial production on Jun e 1, 1988. The project is a Pak Saudi joint venture and involved initial capital outlay of around Rs 1. billion with foreign exchange component of around US $ 45 million. This made it one of the largest enterprises in the private sector. Pharaon Commercial Investment Company Limited holds 84. 06% of total paid up share capital whereas the general public holds a total of 15. 94% shares. BUSINESS PROFILE SECTOR: Cement Industry PRODUCTS AND SERVICES: The main product of the Company is ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT (OPC) but in addition to this ACPL also produces SULPHATE RESISTANT CEMENT (SRC) and PORTLAND BLAST FURNACE CEMENT (PBFC), which sells under the registered brand name of â€Å"FALCON CEMENT† in the market.DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS: At ACPL Sales and Marketing team focuses on delighting customers through making available quality products at the market place. ACPL has a network of dealers all around Pakistan. ACPL keep on recognizing the efforts of its dealers through periodic i ncentive plans based on their sales performance. Sales and marketing forces lead in taking initiatives ahead of the competitors. Few example of ACPL faster first include the export of clinker to the UAE and Qatar, along with cement exports to Iraq. FINANCIAL PROFILE | | 30-Jun| 30-Jun| 30-Jun| 30-Jun| | 2008| 2009| 2010| 2011| | | Restated| PKR| Reclassified| PKR| Gross Profit Margin| 22. 27%| 31. 80%| 25. 53%| 20. 23%| EBITDA Margin| 24. 22%| 28. 56%| 20. 12%| 14. 69%| EBIT Margin| 16. 20%| 22. 99%| 16. 59%| 11. 52%| Net Income Margin| 8. 69%| 17. 54%| 13. 25%| 8%| Return on Invested Capital| 14. 06%| 32. 07%| 19. 23%| 13%| Return On Equity| 12. 31%| 31. 24%| 18. 84%| 11. 80%| Return On Assets| 7. 41%| 21. 41%| 14. 40%| 8. 83%| Leverage Ratio| 1. 93%| 0. 90%| 1. 08%| 1. 54%| Debt to total capitalization| 39. 84%| 31. 47%| 23. 56%| 25. 11%| PROFITABILITYThe profitability of Attock Cement is quite satisfactory too but not as good as Lucky Cement. The company’s gross profit mar gin was very low as compared to that of Lucky Cement, however, the firm’s net profit margin is at par. It can be seen that Attock Cement has more operating expenses as compared to Lucky Cement, which it needs to cut and achieve efficiency, to match with the profitability performance of Lucky Cement. GROWTH PROFILE Attock Cement has a very fluctuating, or rather, a very inconsistent growth rate, as can be seen by the return on equity and return on assets ratios.Both the ratios were fairly decent in the year 2008, but then both saw a decline in consecutive years 2009 and 2010, after which they came back to an acceptable level in year 2011. RETURN ON INVESTMENT The return on investment of Attock Cement was again very unpredictable, fluctuating drastically between years 2008-2011. It touched a very high 32. 07% in year 2009, but then declined to a level which was similar to that in year 2008. Overall, the return on invested capital was at a satisfactory level as compared to Lucky Cement, which shows the positive nature of the company’s investments. CREDIT PROFILEThe credit profile of Attock Cement is a fairly acceptable one, as can be seen by the decreasing leverage and debt to total capitalization ratios. This means that Attock Cement, like Lucky Cement, is also paying back its creditors and suppliers, which will mean that the lenders will be happy to lend money and raw materials to the company, as they’re able to meet their financial obligations effectively. D. G. KHAN CEMENT D. G. Khan Cement Company Limited (DGKCC), a unit of Nishat group, is the largest cement-manufacturing unit in Pakistan with a production capacity of 5,500 tons clinker per day.It has a countrywide distribution network and its products are preferred on projects of national repute both locally and internationally due to the unparallel and consistent quality. It is list on all the Stock Exchanges of Pakistan. BUSINESS PROFILE SECTOR: Cement Industry PRODUCTS AND SERVICES: There are two types of cement products of D. G. Khan: * Ordinary Portland Cement * Sulphate Resistant Cement DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS: Two different products are produced at DGKCC namely Ordinary Portland Cement and Sulphate Resistant Cement.These products are marketed through two different brands: * DG brand ; Elephant brand Ordinary Portland Cement * DG brand Sulphate Resistant Cement DG Khan  Cement Company  supplies cement throughout Pakistan especially in the provinces of Punjab, Sind and Baluchistan. This extensive distribution is achieved through following regional sales offices: * Lahore Regional Sales Office * Multan Regional Sales Office * Rawalpindi Regional Sales Office * DG Khan Regional Sales Office * Karachi Regional Sales OfficeThese regional sales offices operate in assigned areas and have netweork of dealers in each area to achieve maximum sales in their territories. Moreover, direct sales are also make to institutional Clients for projects. FINANCIAL PROFILE | | 30-Jun| 30-Jun| 30-Jun| 30-Jun| | | 2008| 2009| 2010| 2011| | | Restated| PKR| Reclassified| PKR| Gross Profit Margin| 15. 51%| 31. 61%| 17. 93%| 24. 00%| EBITDA Margin| 21. 25%| 28. 05%| 19. 24%| 17. 91%| EBIT Margin| 10. 25%| 20. 33%| 10. 74%| 10. 32%| Net Income Margin| 0. 24%| 2. 46%| 1. 61%| 0. 95%| Return on Invested Capital| 2. 9%| 8. 55%| 3. 77%| 3. 93%| Return On Equity| 0. 01%| 2. 12%| 1. 01%| 0. 60%| Return On Assets| 0. 06%| 1. 03%| 0. 56%| 0. 36%| Leverage Ratio| 8. 73%| 4. 17%| 6. 61%| 5. 91%| Debt to total capitalization| 43. 12%| 51. 54%| 44. 45%| 40. 16%| PROFITABILITY The profitability of DG Khan Cement is very low and unsatisfactory as compared to the other two companies in the cement industry, Lucky and Attock Cement Ltd. DG Khan Cement is paying a hefty amount as interest expense, which can be seen by the lower net income margin ratio of the firm, ranging from 0. 4-2. 46%. However, the EBIT and EBITDA margins of DG Khan Cement were quite satisfactory, and at pa r with the other two companies in the industry. GROWTH PROFILE DG Khan Cement has a very poor growth rate, evident by the very low return on equity and return on assets ratios. The growth of the company is badly hampered by the interest expense and the debt the firm has taken. Furthermore, the debt to total capitalization ratio of the company is also very high (higher than the other two companies in the industry), which was more than 50% in year 2009.These are negative implications for the company, and the investors must be unhappy with the performance of the firm. RETURN ON INVESTMENT: The return on invested capital for DG Khan Cement was also quite inadequate when comparing with that of Lucky and Attock Cement. It was 2. 39% in year 2008, increased to 8. 55% in year 2009, after which it settled on a level between 3-4% in years 2010-2011. This adversity was again due to the high debt ratio and hefty interest payments made by the company, because of which the return on investments w ere very low as compared to its competitors.CREDIT PROFILE: As opposed to its competitors, DG Khan Cement has a really horrific credit profile, as it is maintaining its debt to total capitalization and leverage ratios at a very high level and took up more loan in the year 2009, due to which its profitability is also getting affected adversely, and also its creditors and suppliers will be unwilling to lend DG Khan Cement more in the future, doubting the firm’s ability to pay them back, as it already has outstanding amounts to be received from the company. FECTO CEMENTEstablished at Sangjani, near Islamabad, the ISO 9001:2000 certified Fecto Cement Limited is Pakistan's first anti-pollution cement manufacturing plant and also the first of its kind in South Asia. As one of the most integrated manufacturing units in the country, it has a rated capacity to produce 600,000 tonnes of clinker per annum BUSINESS PROFILE SECTOR: Cement Industry DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS: It supplies cement throughout Pakistan through a huge properly maintained distribution channel consisting of wholesalers, retailers and finally to the customers. FINANCIAL PROFILE | | | 2008| 2009| 2010| 2011| Gross Profit Margin| | 8. 3%| 23. 21%| 5. 26%| 18. 33%| EBITDA Margin| | -2. 64%| 13. 88%| -7. 77%| 5. 42%| EBIT Margin| | -51. 03%| 11. 96%| -10. 04%| 2. 78%| Net Income Margin| | -3. 53%| 9. 49%| -7. 17%| 1. 98%| Return on Invested Capital| | -4. 67%| 13. 74%| -8. 02%| 2. 47%| Return On Equity| | -13. 80%| 33. 80%| -30. 20%| 8. 93%| Return On Assets| | -51. 50%| 15. 21%| -9. 33%| 2. 95%| Leverage Ratio| | -22. 30%| 3. 11%| -9. 56%| 11. 59%| Debt to total capitalization| | 61. 52%| 55%| 69. 10%| 67%| PROFITABILITY The company has increased its gross profit margin from last year as sales have improved more than the rise in cost of sales.The net profit margin has improved as compare to the last year as the company was incurring loss in 2010. However, it under performed in comparison to the indus try. GROWTH PROFILE The growth rate has considerably improved from last year but the overall industry growth is much more than Fecto. The company needs to increase its growth by retaining more than half of its earnings and re-investing it to increase its income in the coming years otherwise it will fall way behind the industry and would take a long time to recover. RETURN ON INVESTMENT The return on investment has improved from the prior year.This implies that company is capitalizing its assets in a more efficient manner with an increase in the accumulated profits. However, it is not at all satisfactory in comparison to its competitors. CREDIT PROFILE: The debt to capitalization and leverage ratio is very high which means Fecto has more debt as compare to its equity. It has declined from the preceding year but it is fairly high with regards to its competitors. This shows a weak financial position as compared to the industry and poses more default risk for the company. MAPLE CEMENT A t the time of privatization in 1992, the capacity of Maple Leaf to produceOrdinary Portland Cement (OPC) was 1000 tones per day (tpd). A second plant of 4000 tpd was commissioned in 1998 and a third plant of 6700 tpd came into production in 2006. It increased the total capacity to 11,700 tpd. The capacity of White Cement has also increased from 100 tpd to 500tpd with the addition of a new plant. This plant also has provisions for doubling the capacity to 1000tpd. Presently Maple Leaf cement has 9% of the market share of OPC and is a leading brand in Pakistan with a diverse customer base. It is also the largest producer of White Cement in the country with 80% of market share.BUSINESS PROFILE SECTOR: Cement Industry PRODUCTS AND SERVICES The two main products are: * Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) with a capacity of 11700 tones per day. * White Cement, its present capacity is 500 tones per day which shall be doubled to 1000 tones per day in near future. FINANCIAL PROFILE | | | 2008| 20 09| 2010| 2011| Gross Profit Margin| | 16. 94%| 32. 49%| 21. 56%| 16. 64%| EBITDA Margin| | 16. 88%| 23. 19%| 3. 45%| 14. 14%| EBIT Margin| | 5. 73%| 16. 27%| -3. 74%| 4. 47%| Net Income Margin| | -8. 65%| -6. 45%| -18. 96%| -13. 53%| Return on Invested Capital| | 1. 72%| 9. 1%| 1. 69%| 1. 75%| Return On Equity| | -8. 08%| -14. 63%| -50. 32%| -20. 37%| Return On Assets| | -2. 58%| -3. 83%| -9. 90%| -5. 25%| Leverage Ratio| | 13. 47%| 5. 35%| 38. 80%| 13. 52%| Debt to total capitalization| | 68. 02%| 73. 80%| 80. 32%| 74. 23%| PROFITABILITY The net profit margin increased by 5. 43% and settled at 13. 53% as compare to the prior year which was in negative. This is a good sign as the company is moving towards profitability as compare to the last two years. However, the company needs to improve its asset management in order to compete with the industryGROWTH PROFILE The growth rate is improving as compare to the previous year which is surely a green sign for the company. From last year the earnings have fairly increased but Maple Leaf is still under performing as compared to the industry earning. A lot of efforts need to be put in for the company to be competing with the industry. RETURN ON INVESTMENT The return on investment is almost the same as compare to the last year. This means that the company needs to increase its sales in order to get a favorable outcome in the coming years. CREDIT PROFILEThe leverage ratio as well as the debt to equity ratio is fairly high as compare to the industry which refers to declining operational efficiency and ineffective asset management. Maple needs to decrease its reliance on debt to get a better ratio in the coming years. FAUJI CEMENT A longtime leader in the cement manufacturing industry, Fauji Cement Company, headquartered in Rawalpindi, operates a cement plant at Jhang Bahtar, Tehsil Fateh Jang, District Attock in the province of Punjab. The Company has a strong and longstanding tradition of service, reliability, and quali ty that reaches back more than 13 years.Sponsored by Fauji Foundation the Company was incorporated in Rawalpindi in 1992. BUSINESS PROFILE SECTOR: Cement Industry PRODUCTS AND SERVICES: Ordinary Portland cement is the major product. CUSTOMERS: The Company has been set up with the primary objective of producing and selling ordinary portland cement. The finest quality of cement is available for all types of customers whether for dams, canals, industrial structures, highways, commercial or residential needs using latest state of the art dry process cement manufacturing process.FINANCIAL PROFILE | | | 2008| 2009| 2010| 2011| Gross Profit Margin| | 18. 56%| 31. 75%| 13. 54%| 17. 35%| EBITDA Margin| | 18. 56%| 17. 12%| 32. 61%| 21. 35%| EBIT Margin| | 16. 96%| 30. 98%| 9. 61%| 12. 48%| Net Income Margin| | 11. 66%| 18. 96%| 6. 57%| 8. 98%| Return on Invested Capital| | 3. 69%| 9. 90%| 1. 95%| 1. 71%| Return On Equity| | 4. 45%| 10. 39%| 2. 60%| 3. 86%| Return On Assets| | 3. 32%| 4. 70%| 0. 93%| 1. 32%| Leverage Ratio| | 4. 18%| 8. 29%| 25. 70%| 20. 40%| Debt to total capitalization| | 25. 0%| 67. 06%| 62. 60%| 55. 90%| PROFITABILITY: The profit margin has increased as compare to the previous year but if we match it with past performance of the company it is still at a declining rate. This decrease is also due to the overall decline in the cement industry GROWTH PROFILE: The growth rate has improved but it is not much satisfactory when compared with the industry. In order to compete with the dominant companies, Fauji needs to utilize its assets in a more efficient manner RETURN ON INVESTMENT:As compared with 2011 to 2010 it has been in the same position, Fauji needs to increase its growth by retaining more than half of its earnings and re-investing it to increase its income in the coming years otherwise it will fall way behind the industry and would take a long time to recover. CREDIT PROFILE: The credit profile of the company is fairly below the industry. However, the leverage ratio of Thatta Cement has seen a remarkable increase, which shows that the company is paying back its debts and is maintaining a decent credit profile among its lenders and suppliers.THATTA CEMENT Thatta Cement Company Limited was incorporated in 1980 as a public limited company. It was a wholly owned subsidiary of the State Cement Corporation of Pakistan (Pvt. ) Limited. The manufacturing facility was commissioned in 1982. The plant based on dry process technology, had a total installed capacity of 1,000 tons per day of clinker. The plant was supplied by M/s. Mitsubishi Corporation, Japan. In the year 2004 the consortium of Mr. Arif Habib and Al-Abbas Group acquired 100% shares of the Company from the Privatization Commission and took over its management control.BUSINESS PROFILE SECTOR: Cement Industry PRODUCTS AND SERVICES: * Ordinary Portland Cement * Sulphate Resistant Cement * Portland Blast Furnace Slag Cement * Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag CUSTOMERS AND END MARKETS: Some of the valued customers: * Lucky Paragon (Ready-Mix) * DGDP, FWO (Frontier Works Organization), Siam Group, CGGC, AJK,SAMBU Pakistan, Bahria Icon, Envicrete, Hubcrete and Atlas Ready Mix. FINANCIAL PROFILE | | | 2008| 2009| 2010| 2011| Gross Profit Margin| | 14. 69%| 27. 69%| 17. 96%| 12. 88%| EBITDA Margin| | 8. 95%| 21. 50%| 5. 96%| 0. 79%|EBIT Margin| | 5. 65%| 18. 96%| 2. 63%| -2. 04%| Net Income Margin| | 2. 79%| 11. 36%| 0. 06%| -4. 02%| Return on Invested Capital| | 39. 15%| 84. 50%| 36. 40%| 36. 28%| Return On Equity| | 6. 92%| 26. 45%| 0. 12%| -10. 64%| Return On Assets| | 2. 94%| 0. 07%| 14. 37%| 3. 75%| Leverage Ratio| | 6. 11%| 16. 77%| 7. 25%| 68. 25%| Debt to total capitalization| | 0. 57%| 4. 56%| 0. 46%| 0. 51%| PROFITABILITY The profitability has declined as compare to the previous year due to the performance of the plant was badly affected by frequent interruptions in power supply by HESCO.The substantial loss is also due to the increase in the pr oduction cost such as the purchase price of raw materials and huge increase in fuel and power cost. GROWTH PROFILE The growth rate is declining as compare to the last year mainly due to the increase in COGS and also the company has also invested in the long-term. There is also an increase in the distribution cost which is due to the increase of appreciation in exports related freight and other charges which increased by 11. 61% despite of decrease in sales volume of export by 18. 3%. RETURN ON INVESTMENT: The return on invested capital is same as the previous year which is fairly high as compare to the other companies. This means that return from investments is considerably more than the industry average. CREDIT PROFILE: The credit profile of the company is not much satisfactory. Moreover, the leverage ratio of Thatta Cement has also seen a decline, which shows that the company is paying back its debts and is maintaining a decent credit profile among its lenders and suppliers

Interpreters and Commentators

Interpreters and Commentators Interpreters and Commentators Interpreters and Commentators By Maeve Maddox Mike Feeney overheard a business owner repeatedly [mention] that they would be using an â€Å"interpretator† and has asked for a post on interpreter/interpretator and commenter and commentator interpreter: one who interprets or explains; one who translates languages. In current usage, interpretator is nonstandard, as is the obsolete verb formation interpretate. The OED has an entry for interpretator, but its the most recent documentation is from the 17th century and the word is labeled as obsolete. The Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary has no entry for it. M-W does have an entry for interpretate, which redirects to interpret. Here are some examples of nonstandard interpretator: I know there is a secretarys dayIs there an interpretators day? Speaking in Malayalam, through an interpretator, Poulse and his other colleagues said   I bet I was the best hand writing interpretator in the world. software, incorporating the only true award interpretator system for Australian conditions since 1991 Chinese (mandarin) translator/interpretator service provider Nonstandard interpretate also abounds: management will read the same contract as you but will interpretate it different[ly]. Im pretty sure he misinterpretated the study, Himmler thought that Germany was going to recover because he misinterpretated one of Nostradamuss predictions. In November 2005 she interpretated the role Dame at â€Å"Dido and Enea† by Purcell While interpretator has no meaning apart from that of the standard word interpreter, commentator and commenter have distinctive meanings. commentator: A writer of expository comments or critical notes on a literary work; the writer of a commentary; One who reports or comments on current events, esp. on radio or television. commenter: One who comments Here are some examples of both words: Sometimes sports commentators say the strangest things Alan Watkins, doyen of political commentators, dies at 77 Texas police take on blog commenters Are Blog Commenters â€Å"Real† Writers? N.C. Judge Unmasks Pseudonymous Blog Commenters The 6 Types of Blog CommentorsDo You Know Them? (NOTE: The OED gives commentor as an alternate spelling of commenter.) I see a useful distinction between commentator and commenter, especially in this everybodys a writer culture of ours. Commentators are qualified to write intelligently about a particular topic, approaching it and analyzing it in terms of a body of knowledge. Commenters, on the other hand, express opinions on matters about which they may or may not be particularly informed. Many DWT readers bring professional expertise in language to their comments, resulting in useful commentary. In general, however, blog commenters tend to be stronger on opinion than information. Bottom line: Id reserve the word commentator for analysts operating from a professionally-informed perspective and writing or speaking in a formal setting. Id use commenter for people who respond to blog posts. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Because Of" and "Due To" 50 Idioms About Fruits and Vegetables6 Foreign Expressions You Should Know

Clara Bow essays

Clara Bow essays When she was 14 her father encouraged her to enter a Fame Contest in which she won the chance to appear in a motion picture. The motion picture she obtained a part in was called Beyond the Rainbow, her part however was cut out of the film until much later. Determination and director Elmer Clifton, who saw her picture in a magazine, lead her to her next picture; Down to the Sea in Ships. For her role she was mentioned favorably in several reviews. After this her father took her to Maxine Alton, a New York actress-playwright-agent, who managed to induce J.G. Bachman, the partner of B.P. Schulberg in Preferred Pictures, to give her a three-month contract at $50 a week, plus the fare to Hollywood. When introduced to Schulberg, Bow was pathecically dressed and mannered and was about to be written off when Alton urged him to test her personality. He ran her through a range of emotions and when she on command went from later to full out tears he through up his arms and told Alton, You win. Next came Clara Bows stepping stone to fame, a role in Black Oxen (Frank Lloyd Productions, for First National, 1924) in which she was given fifth billing and received good reviews. Her first Paramount film was Dancing Mothers (Famous Players-Lasky, 1926). Clara had third billing and played a flapper daughter. This as well as her past in Mantrap established Bow as the flapper. Then It! (Paramount Famous Lasky Corp., 1927) put her at the top, making her name. Because of It, Clara became one of the five top box-office attractions and was immediately put to work simultaneously in Wings (Paramount Famous Lasky Corp., 1927) , and Children of Divorce (Paramount Famous Lasky Corp., 1927)! . By the time she shot Three Weekends in 1928 (her 47th film) she was Paramount's strongest asset. Clara Bow worked hard to accomplish fourteen films in 1925, eight in 1926, and six in 1927. With the start of a new era, ...

The decline of manufacturing sector in U.S.A. has been compensated by Essay

The decline of manufacturing sector in U.S.A. has been compensated by a growing service sector - Essay Example United States has for more than three decades witnessed growth in its service sector and a converse trend in manufacturing. This has been the trend for many high income countries as they have been shifting reliance from manufacturing to service. This is a post-industrialization trend where people’s income continues to rise with less interest in investment in material processing The current trend has been more investment or shift to health care, education, insurance and others. It is important to mention that employees’ productivity grows slowly in the service sector than in the manufacturing the reason being low mechanization in service processes. Services therefore become more expensive which results in them contributing a higher portion of US GDP (Gallaher 49). This trend has also resulted to having higher employment in service sector than in the mechanized manufacturing sector. The service sector is now leading while manufacturing is declining with former compensatin g for the decline. The service sector capitalizes in production of intangible commodities in health, information and communication, education and others (Triplett and Bosworth 64). Globalization has been one of the key factors towards the shift from manufacturing to service. Manufacturing firms have been relocating to other countries mostly in the developing economies which either have more people in the low-income or middle-income bracket. Countries like China and India have for the last two decades been encouraging foreign investments through various incentives like tax holidays and low wages for workers. American government in turn is trying to develop policies that will see most of its citizens above the minimum wage bracket; a move that is driving industries to foreign countries. The service sector is labor intensive and it requires highly skilled personnel therefore raising the need to have quality and sustainable education. Also due to globalization many skilled immigrants ha ve come to the United States to seek jobs in the service sector resulting to high brain drain especially in the developing nations (Gallaher 130). Global trends also dictate firms to engage in more environmentally friendly activities and the service sector has come to solve this problem. The service sector engages in more human capital than natural. This has made United States to have heated debates regarding quality of education so as to have more skilled human capital (Gallaher 89). The general lack of undue intervention in the natural resources reduces environmental degradation which is more prone with manufacturing firms. Environmental consciousness has therefore caused investors to shift their investments to more environmentally friendly businesses. Statistics show that in the turn of the 20th century America’s manufacturing and agricultural sectors had taken more than 75 percent of the GDP while in the turn of the 21st century the service sector had more than 60 percent contribution (Triplett and Bosworth 106). This is a huge turn of events considering that it is a gap of just a century. It is within this century that America’s economy grew tremendously into the current post-industrialization era. The above statistics show that to a large extent the service sector is surely filling the gap left with the decline in the manufacturing sector. The world economy has in the last four decades experienced turbulence of booms and decline which have affected the two sectors differently. The manufacturing sector over this period has been heavily affected and shrunk as a result (AIER 2006). The recent economic crisis of 2008 heavily affected industries like motor vehicle manufacturers leading to closure of many plants, takeovers, bailout programs and many other negative occurrences. In the recovery trend the service sector has been seen to recover quickly than the manufacturing

Microeconomics College Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Microeconomics College - Research Paper Example b. level of unemployment: the level of unemployment is the number of workers minus the equilibrium employed workers, this will be (12,000 - 7,000)/ 12,000 * 100 = 41.67% c. minimum wage is set at 11 per hour, Waiters will work for 6000 hours per month d. minimum wage set at 11 per hour Unemployment: (12,000 - 6000)/ 6000 * 100 = 50% e. minimum wage at 12 per hour: Unemployment: (12,000 - 8000)/12,000 * 100 = 33.33% Employment: (6000/10000)*100 = 60% f. minimum wage is set at 12 per hour and demand decreased by 2,000 Wage rate to waiters: The minimum wage will be 12 per hour, however the new equilibrium will be be at 11 dollars per hour. Hours of labor unemployed: The employment will be 6000; therefore the unemployment is 6000 hours. CT 1(text, p151) Effect of education on files downloaded each week. The film industry is concerned with the effect of adoption of broadband internet that allow users to download pirated movies, the option is to reduce the number of pirated movies downloaded per week through education, therefore education is expected to reduce the number of pirated movies downloaded per week. CT 2 (text, p151) Imposing tax on downloaded movies: From the above chart it is evident that the a tax will increase the price of illegal downloads, the supply curve shifts from supply curve 1 to supply curve 2, as a result the equilibrium quantity will decline from Q1 to Q2. Chapter 9: P 12 (text, p222) a. average total cost plant 1 plant 2 plant 3 plant 4 1 7.5 6.25 6.363636 6.923077 2 5 5 5.333333 5.882353 3 3.846154 4.66666667 5 5.5 4 4.615385 4.70588235 5 5.454545 b. long run cost curve: c. economies of scale: Economies of scale are realized for the range 60 to 75 units produced. d. number of ovens: the long run average cost curve depicts... Water is a resource and from the article it is evident that the supply level is 23 gigaliters per year, in order to allocate water economically in such a way that we get the water back than the water will come from the lowest value uses, this statement means that the lowest value water users should be discouraged to use the water and the highest value water users encouraged to use the water, therefore the there will be a reduction in the water available to the lowest value water users. From the above table in order to get the water back there should be a reduction in the water used by the lowest value users and this can only be achieved through the increase of the price of water per liter which can be done through taxation. The film industry is concerned with the effect of adoption of broadband internet that allow users to download pirated movies, the option is to reduce the number of pirated movies downloaded per week through education, therefore education is expected to reduce the number of pirated movies downloaded per week. From the above chart it is evident that the a tax will increase the price of illegal downloads, the supply curve shifts from supply curve 1 to supply curve 2, as a result the equilibrium quantity will decline from Q1 to Q2. the long run average cost curve depicts the average cost of production as the firm expands, from the above the long run will help realization of economies of scale and th

Caring for the Elderly Adult with Diabetes Research Paper

Caring for the Elderly Adult with Diabetes - Research Paper Example There are a number of important nursing practise points that are important in providing good care for elderly adults with diabetes and their families. There are a number of reasons for choosing this topic. Firstly, diabetes affects almost 2.4 million Canadians (Government of Canada, 2011) and many more are thought to be undiagnosed. Not only that, but patients with diabetes are three times more likely to be hospitalized due to cardiac disease and twenty times more likely to need a non-trauma lower limb amputation (Government of Canada, 2011). Although these are just statistics, they do give a real feel for the potentially devastating impact that diabetes can have on the elderly adult and their families, and I think it’s increasingly important (as chronic disease becomes more common) to understand the best nursing practise guidelines to help prevent the complications of diabetes. Not only that, but many family members are not aware of the problems that diabetes can cause, and t herefore it’s important that a nurse is well-informed to answer questions about diabetes to allow best care in the home. The Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario (RNAO) have issued a number of guidelines with respect to practical nursing and adults with diabetes mellitus. One of these concerns the best practise in reducing foot complications, which includes foot care education for the patient as well as frequent check-ups. Another guideline concerns best management of foot ulcers in diabetes patient. The final guideline concerns the subcutaneous administration of insulin in adults with type 2 diabetes, which is particularly important in that patients and families may need to be educated on this as maintenance of insulin levels is vital (RNAO, 2011). The College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO) also publish guidelines for the utilization of nurses working with adults with diabetes, and suggest that nurses may play an important role in directing diabetes management progra ms for the patient as well as advising patients on other matters (CNO, 2011). Evidently, practical nursing care needs to incorporate aspects of diabetes management, in part because it is so common and in part because the nurse can play such a vital role in preventing complications Evidently, the topic of diabetes is important to the sufferer and their family, as they will wish to know as much about the condition as they can to help prevent complications and to ensure that they stay as healthy as possible (Rother, 2007). In understanding diabetes management and care, the patient can ensure that they follow medication protocol, have a healthy diet and watch closely for signs of foot ulcers, vision loss and other complications (Rother, 2007). By doing this, the patient can inevitably prolong their life, and perhaps even reduce the severity of their diabetes (Ceriello, Ihnat & Thorpe, 2009). Both the patient and the relevant family members may need to be guided on how to intravenously i nject insulin if it is needed for their care, as this can be a complex procedure and is important in management of some cases (Rother, 2007). All of these issues have been highlighted by the RNAO Best Practice Guideline mentioned above, and therefore all nurses should be aware of how important it is for the patient and th

Australian Income Tax Guidance Notes Essay Example for Free

Australian Income Tax Guidance Notes Essay However, there is a catch; you can only treat it as your main residence for 6 years. Hence nearing the end of the 6 year period you would need to move back into the house and re-establish it as your main residence. Put simply, you can only have one tax free house at any one time that has to be established as your main residence and if you move out you only have 6 years for it to continue to be your main residence. Topic 5 Annuities and Foreign Pensions Topic 6 Termination payments Topic 7 Small Business Entities Valuation of trading stock (S9-180) The three bases to value the trading stock are as following: * Cost (S9-190) * Market selling value (S9-220) * Replacement value (S9-225) 08. 1. 1 Methods used to work out the cost of trading stock (S9-200) The commissioner accepts the following valuation methods: * FIFO: The first items purchased are assumed to be disposed of first and the cost of trading stock on hand at the end of the year is the cost of the items most recently acquired. Where shares cannot be specifically identified, taxpayers must normally use the FIFO method to value trading stock. * Average cost: the cost of each item of a particular type on hand at the end of the year is the weighted average of the cost of all such items that were on hand at the beginning of the year and all those acquired during the year. * Standard cost: a predetermined standard cost per unit is used. The following valuation methods are not acceptable: * LIFO: Late in first out * Base stock: 08. 1. 1. 1 Trading stock on hand taken into account Where a taxpayer carries on business, all trading stock on hand at the start of the income year and all trading stock on hand at the end of the year are taken into account in working out the taxpayer’s taxable income. Where trading stock is acquired ‘not at arm’s length’, the market value is used. The taxpayer is required to include the market value as assessable income. 08. 1. 1. 2 Disposal not in the ordinary course of business (S9-290) * When trading stock is sold in the ordinary course of trading, gross sales less the cost of production are brought to account by the ordinary trading stock accounting method. Where an item of trading stock (with or without other business assets) is disposed of outside the ordinary course of a taxpayer’s business, the taxpayer is required to bring to account as assessable income the market value of the stock on the date of disposal. * The taxpayer takes out stock from his/her business and used it privately is required to bring to account as assessable income the market value of the stock on the date of drawing. Topic 9 General Deductions 09. 1 Deductions for business-related expenditure